IP address
WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS?
IP ADDRESS:-
The full form of IP is internet protocol.
It defines address of every system and every connection network (every system that contain internet).
A public IP address is an IP address that can be accessed over the Internet. Like postal address used to deliver a postal mail to your home, a public IP address is the globally unique IP address assigned to a computing device. Your public IP address can be found at What is my IP Address page. Private IP address, on the other hand, is used to assign computers within your private space without letting them directly expose to the Internet. For example, if you have multiple computers within your home you may want to use private IP addresses to address each computer within your home. In this scenario, your router gets the public IP address, and each of the computers, tablets and smartphones connected to your router (via wired or wifi) gets a private IP address from your router via DHCP protocol.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the organization responsible for registering IP address ranges to organizations and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). To allow organizations to freely assign private IP addresses, the Network Information Center (InterNIC) has reserved certain address blocks for private use. The following IP blocks are reserved for private IP addresses.
IP are of two types:
1)Public IP
2)Private IP
What is public IP address?
A public IP address is the address that is assigned to a computing device to allow direct access over the Internet. A web server, email server and any server device directly accessible from the Internet are candidate for a public IP address. A public IP address is globally unique, and can only be assigned to a unique device.
To check public ip
→myip(google)→What is my ip address?
What is private IP address?
A private IP address is the address space allocated by InterNIC to allow organizations to create their own private network. There are three IP blocks (1 class A, 1 class B and 1 class C) reserved for a private use. The computers, tablets and smartphones sitting behind your home, and the personal computers within an organizations are usually assigned private IP addresses. A network printer residing in your home is assigned a private address so that only your family can print to your local printer.
When a computer is assigned a private IP address, the local devices see this computer via it's private IP address. However, the devices residing outside of your local network cannot directly communicate via the private IP address, but uses your router's public IP address to communicate. To allow direct access to a local device which is assigned a private IP address, a Network Address Translator (NAT) should be used.
To check my private ip
→cmd (ipconfig)
IP address are of 5 types:-
sno. types Range used in
1) Class A (0-126) Office
2) Class B (127-191) School
3) Class C (192-223) Global
4) Class D (224-239) Computational
5) Class E (non define) Scientist
INTRODUCING NETWORK ID AND NODE ID CONCEPTS
1) It tells us which network the device is part of (Network ID).
2) It identifies that unique device within the network (Node ID).
Think of the Network ID as the suburb you live in and the Node ID your street in that suburb. You can tell exactly where someone is if you have their suburb and street name. In the same way, the Network ID tells us which network a particular computer belongs to and the Node ID identifies that computer from all the rest that reside in the same network.
Explanation:
In the above picture, you can see a small network. We have assigned a Class C IP Range for this network. Remember that Class C IP Addresses are for small networks. Looking now at Host A, you will see that its IP Address is 192.168.0.2. The Network ID portion of this IP Address is in blue, while the Host ID is in orange.
THE NETWORK AND NODE ID OF EACH CLASS
Explanation:
The table above might seem confusing at first but it's actually very simple. We will take Class A as an example and analyse it so you can understand exactly what is happening here:
Any Class A network has a total of 7 bits for the Network ID (bit 8 is always set to 0) and 24 bits for the Host ID. Now all we need to do is calculate how much 7 bits is:
2 to the power of 7 = 128 Networks and for the hosts : 2 to the power of 24 = 16,777,216 hosts in each Network, of which 2 cannot be used because one is the Network Address and the other is the Network Broadcast address (see the table towards the end of this page). This is why when we calculate the "valid" hosts in a network we always subtract "2". So if I asked you how many "valid" hosts can you have a on Class A Network, you should answer 16,777,214 and NOT 16,777,216.
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